Between 10 and 18 months, there is an explosive growth of neural connections. For the first time, baby becomes consciously aware of themselves as a person separate from you — a monumental psychological event.
Language is not yet available — baby feels a great deal but cannot express it. Body and behaviour become the primary channel of communication.
Daniel J. Siegel's research shows: the 'lower brain' (emotions, instincts) dominates the 'upper brain' (logic, self-control) at this age. Baby is physically unable to 'calm down on command'.
The peak of the crisis is 12–15 months. Most children stabilise by 18 months. The crisis is a sign of healthy development — not a problem to be fixed.